Most late talkers catch up with other children by the end of the preschool years.[1] Talking late is also one of many signs the NHS lists for autism, and many autistic children don't show all of them.[2]
What the NHS lists as possible signs in young children
Professionals look at the whole picture, not one sign. The NHS lists signs such as:[2]
Communication
- starting to speak later than other children, or taking longer to understand what others say
- not responding to their name
- repeating words and phrases
- using less eye contact, and fewer facial expressions and gestures
Play and behaviour
- finding it hard to join in with other children, or not taking part in pretend play
- enjoying repetitive actions, such as opening and closing doors
- repetitive movements, like rocking, spinning or hand-flapping
- very strong interests, and getting upset by changes in routine
How to ask for an assessment
- Speak to a GP if you think your child might be autistic. You can also talk to the SENCO at your child's nursery.[2]
- If your child is not yet at school, a health visitor may need to make the referral.[3]
- Support is available while you wait, and you can ask for a second opinion.[3]
Other things professionals check
- Hearing, including glue ear, which can affect speech.[4]
- Developmental language disorder (DLD): a long-term difficulty with language that isn't explained by a known condition.[5,6] It affects about two children in every class of 30.[7]
About autism
The National Autistic Society describes autism as a lifelong neurodivergence and disability. It is not a learning disability or a mental health condition.[8]
Sources for this page
- Late language emergence (practice portal) · American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
- Signs of autism in children · NHS
- Getting an autism assessment · NHS
- Glue ear · NHS
- Developmental language disorder · Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
- Bishop et al. (2017). Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: terminology · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Norbury et al. (2016). The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- What is autism? · National Autistic Society